Class Evaluation/Recap - History 121 And English 112

Jabari Stafford

English 112

Professor Brandon

5/1/13

                                English 112 History 121 Evaluation/ Recap

                From the college experience, so far I have learned a vast amount of facts, techniques, strategies and more, especially in the English 112, and History 121 learning community throughout college. My history 121 instructor Miss Janet Shepherd taught us strictly about history, as Dr. Brandon would have us write about the new information received from her class session. These assignments included activities such as; rhetorical analyses, research papers, revisions, and evaluations. The knowledge gained from each class can bring forth a successful future for each and every one of the students in the classroom.

                The collaboration of the two classes is beneficial because it combines the time, the subject, and lessens the difficulty of both classes. I would not say it is the easiest class, but it is a much better, faster, and effective way to learn the subjects. Without the learning community, it either would take longer to finish the class, or just be a little more complicated. Every student in the English 112 and history 121 has not just learned about the subject, but has also grasped a better aspect of life.

                In History 121, with Ms. Shepherd, the class learned something new every day. While listening to Miss Shepherd’s lecture, it made me think back and put myself in the 1700’s and 1800’s. I ask myself, “What would I do in these harsh living conditions?” I would not say the living conditions now are perfect, but I feel they are better than before, being that there is no limit on women’s rights, no stifles on minorities and no slavery. I am sure this does not only satisfy me, but also people such as women, African-Americans, and Native Americans. It also motivates me to change the world to make it better, whether it is through politics, through music, or whatever it takes. I have learned a lot although my test scores were not the best, or I was not on time every day. I definitely feel if I could practice time management more, it would show much improvement. My history 121 class taught valuable information and has an impact on my future.

                Dr. Brandon’s English 112 class was totally different compared to Miss Janet’s class. The purpose of the class is to learn how to be a better communicator, which is called rhetoric. His lectures made the class think more intellectual. There were numerous writing assignments we completed in English. Out of all the rhetorical analyses, research papers, and memos; I think the most entertaining assignments were the extra credit Lincoln analysis and the Ray Puglia research paper/biography. The reason I enjoyed the Lincoln assignment is because I always wanted to learn more about Lincoln’s personal life and his process abolishing slavery. The Ray Puglia biography was interesting because he was not a famous soldier in the marines which made it a more challenging task. It also helped the class to interact with one another in a group. The English 112 also helped the students improve in delivering assignments electronically. Electronic publishing is important because a student can be absent and be capable of completing it while at home. Even though I did not talk as much as everyone in class, I understood each lesson, each day and participated when I was asked to. Altogether, the lectures and assignments from Dr. Brandon’s English 112 taught the students, how to become a better communicator. Rhetoric is a lesson that could be utilized everyday to succeed throughout life.

                There are many skills I could develop, or enhance while learning in school, and everyday life. First of all, studying habits are a huge part of whether a student passes or fails. Time management is making sure all assignments are done in a certain amount of time. Different activities can interfere with time management such as; a job, friends, or other classes. I have not yet perfected time management, but it has definitely improved. I am working on making time for studying, still being able to participate in other activities, and being to class on time in the morning. Usually, I would finish an assignment at the last minute, or study three days before a test. Hopefully, I will be able to effectively manage my time in the future.

                Another reason I enjoyed my teachers are because any student will have a teacher who actually puts in effort to help them pass the class. The attributes these instructors retain are intelligence, awareness and concern. Whether they have to extend a date, stay after class, or meet early in the morning, they would make a way to help the student. As teachers they know about the subject, and also know what is going on around the world. I most certainly appreciate the extra help given by the professors.

                In conclusion, the classes I attended were extremely rewarding towards my success. I believe if I continue to keep the information I have learned, in my mind, it could help me succeed in my career. For my next semester, I would definitely look into these two instructors teaching in another class of mine. English 112 and History 121 have instilled information and life lessons in my mind which I will never forget, and will utilize to prosper in my future career.

               

                

Ray Puglia Conclusions And Speculations 112

Jabari Stafford

English 112

Professor Brandon

                                                      Ray Puglia Conclusions And Speculations

Rhetorical Analysis On Lincoln Gettysburg Address Extra Credit 112

Jabari Stafford

English 112

Professor Brandon

02/21/13

Rhetorical Analysis: Gettysburg Address

            These words of wisdom from Abraham Lincoln changed the world in many beneficial ways. He gave the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863. During this time Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States. This speech went down in history and is currently one of the most powerful words ever given. The main reason this is such an influential speech is because it brought our nation back together as one. There are also a few other reasons around this main one. First of all, it talked about the past, the present, and the future. It talked about the past simply by the first line in the address. “Four score and seven years ago…” This means eighty-seven years ago, which refers to the past. Our forefathers such as the explorers, the monarchs, and many other heroic figures were given much credit in his miniature speech. He spoke about the present by mentioning the Civil War. The Civil War was a war fought between the north and south of the nation. Better known as the “Union and the Confederation.” This gave the nation a question about themselves. The question being, “Is America built to have success with one another and long endure as a nation?” The future was also spoken about in his speech mainly in the last line where he said”…that this nation, under God, shall have new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish form the earth. This choice of words recognized our future freedom and what is to come. I think by Abraham Lincoln giving this small, but powerful speech, altered the nation in a prominent manner. It changed people’s thought process about the nation’s prosperity. If Lincoln did not share this speech, the United States of America will possibly be completely different from what it is on this very day. Abe Lincoln used many rhetorical appeals in his speech. First of all, pathos is used by Lincoln holding up heroic figures. By paying respect to the heroic figures he also used epodaih. Secondly, logos, was used when he spoke about the forefathers, and ancestors of the nation and what they did in the past. Word choice was used to strengthen the speech also. He utilized the words “four score and seven years ago” rather than simply saying eighty seven years ago. He also used “we” instead of “I” to ensure he included the people. The other example with his good choice of words is in the last few words of the speech. “…that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we were highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain…” All of this speech had a great effect on his audience. The angry audience sympathized when Lincoln brings forth the idea to the people that there is still a challenge ahead. So the people have put in their minds that the nation should prosper in honor of their loved-ones, fallen comrades and others who died. This was an overall successful speech to help the United States of America to become a better place. Thanks to Lincoln and many other historical figures we can look forward to the American dream. 

Notes From Classes History 121 English 112

What Is An American? English 112

Jabari Stafford

English 112

Professor Brandon

2/1/2013                                  

     What Is An American?

 What is an American? Many believe America to be a place of opportunity, freedom and happiness. But there are also many cons as pros while being an American citizen. I am definitely not saying America is not a great place to live, but it is most certainly not the perfect country. I truly enjoy being a legal American citizen. If you are not very familiar with America, I promise you it will be one of the best experiences and a beneficial change in residence. There are a medium amount of cons while living in the United States of America. First of all, everyone is sure that pretty much every country has a crime rate. Statistics show, the United States of America has one of the highest reported crime rates in the world. Usually a human being does not want to live in an area where there is too much trouble and crime. Although, there is a high crime rate it does not completely defeat the fact that America is a great place to live. Second of all, America is strict on charging for health care. In a few other countries they are not strict on healthcare. In America, there are stereotypical individuals who have paradigms about immigrants. A paradigm is a preconceived perspective by a person towards another. For instance, someone is from Italy, goes to a restaurant in America, and is asked “would they like some pasta.” This is a prime example of stereotypes, but just not as intense and offensive. This is not right but it is something that happens often in America. These are also one of the most detrimental cons. There is a very bad disadvantage for green card holders because they do not have the right to vote. These are the only few reasons to not live in America to the best of my knowledge. On the other hand there are many advantages to living in the United States of America. In the United States a legal immigrant from another country can come and stay as long as they feel they want to. There are also many attractions in many different cities. Places such as New York, Orlando, Los Angeles, Honolulu, Philadelphia and many more states. There is always something new in every state. For example, Las Vegas, Nevada, has many casinos, Orlando has Disney World, and Washington is known for having the white house and many memorial parks. Once you visualize all of the attractions, you probably may consider becoming an American citizen because there is much entertainment depending on which city you decide to visit or stay in. Another great reason to consider America a beneficial country is the opportunities available to individuals. The main reason the United States is a place of “opportunity” is because of the businesses. When there are many businesses, there is a much greater chance for success. I believe it is also because of the better chance of getting employed in America. Another reason, which I have mentioned before, is the “freedom” in the United States. Freedom meaning there are many things you can do which you will not be able to do in another country. This includes, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, and many more freedoms. Freedom of religion, meaning you are able to believe whatever you would like and will not be criticized or penalized for it. In some countries people are executed and tortured just because of their beliefs. It is definitely the wrong thing to do because no person should be punished or hurt for their way of life. Freedom of speech, meaning you and anyone else is allowed to say what you feel. For example, if there is someone you are not familiar with and do not like, you can say, “I don’t like you.” I feel freedom of religion, and freedom of speech somewhat tie into the same category. Both are telling you that you can say what you feel, and feel what you would like to say. Freedom of press is slightly different because it is dealing with electronics, such as radios, newspapers, television and many other sources of media.  For example, I could have a radio interview, and I could tell who I voted for, and express why I made the decision. Yes, there will be people who do not agree, but it does not matter because it is my opinion. There is also freedom of movement, which means we can travel to Antarctica or Australia whenever we would like to. Some of the travelers may have certain conditions put on their visa until they are on Australian citizen. There is also another great freedom. This is freedom of assembly, which is quite similar to freedom of speech but is just acting on it. It also has to be in a non-violent manner which will not infringe on the rights of others in any way. You cannot trespass on private property or public property either. All of these freedoms makes America somewhat a better place. Without these freedoms there is now way we would be able to communicate, or express our feelings at all.  These five most important freedoms are some of the main reasons I would recommend a foreigner to come to America. In America, technology plays a huge role through all of these freedoms. Without the technology many tasks would not be able to be completed.  Some may prefer not to utilize technology because it can get complicated for certain individuals although once you learn and grasp the skill it would make life much easier. Another benefit America has is clean water. In some other countries there is contaminated or dirty water. You cannot drink water from the lakes or oceans as you possibly can in the United States. This also leads to seafood that is not good to consume such as fish, oysters, and shrimp. It could possibly cause you to become sick or possibly even worse result in death. In America it is usually safe to drink water. Another advantage is the right to obtain a United States passport in America. Immigrants in America can increase the workforce and also diversity. They have a great impact on America’s overall economy. From my personal experience I could say America is one of the best places to live. In conclusion, the important benefits would cause many people to have the desire to come to America. As of now, I personally would not want to move any place else. There are so many attractions and entertainment that different individuals would be interested in visiting. Every city has something new to capture your attention. Although, there is much crime there is a low chance of me being involved in the incident. I enjoy being able to speak up for myself and expressing my opinion of someone else even though somebody may or may not like my statement. I am grateful to live in a country where there are not as much worries as there are in other countries. There are a vast amount of benefits, advantages, and profit in America and these are reasons to live in America. I would definitely consider living in America because it will be a joyous experience. It is a lot different from the many other countries in the world. An American is an individual who lives where there is freedom and opportunity which opens doors towards success. I am truly proud to be a citizen of The United States of America.

30 Extra Credit Questions Janet Shepherd History 121 English 112

Jabari Stafford

English 112, HIS 101

Stephen Brandon, Janet Sheperd

4/26/13

1)      A. Protestant Reformation – “the protestant reformation was a major 16^th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church.” This was started by Martin Luther from Germany during the 16^th century.

Citations: 1. “The Protestant Reformation.” The Protestant Reformation. N.p., n.d. Web 19Apr.2013.

                 2. http:www.thefreedictionary.com/Protestant+Reformation, Farlex, n.d. Web

B. Indentured Servant- “settler who signed on for a temporary period of servitude to a master in exchange for passage to the New World

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. “Glossary.” Give Me Liberty 3^rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012. N. pag.Print

C. Puritanism – a movement within the church of England, which was started to purify the Church of England.

“Calvinist theology and polity proved to be major influences in the in the formation of Puritan teachings.”

Citations: 1. “Puritanism (religion).” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2013

D. Mercantilism – “Policy of great Britain and other imperial powers of regulating the economies of colonies to benefit the mother country. “

“The government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.”

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty. 3^rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012. Print

E. Republic – “a political system or form of government in which people elect representatives to exercise power for them.

F. Manumission – “ the formal act of freeing from slavery.”

Citation: 1 “WordNet Search – 3.1. “WordNetSearch – 3.1 N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2013

G. Capitalism – promotes prosperity, democracy, and peace. An economic system on a free market, open competition, profit motive and private ownership of the means of production.

Citations: “Capitalism.” Definition. N.p., n.d. Web 22 Apr.2013.

H. Industrialization –

I. Universal Male Suffrage –

J. Share Cropping – type of form tenancy that developed after the Civil War in which land-less workers –often former slaves—farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of the crop. Sharecropping took place a lot in VA and NC.

Citations: Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty. 3^rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton and, 2012 Print.

2) Who were Hernan Cortes and Mocetezuma and how did they change North America history?

Cortez was a general of the Spaniards. He took over the most powerful empire on the American Continent with only about 500 men. Mocetezuma was an Aztec emperor, approximately the 9^th. He ruled an empire of about 5 million individuals.

Citations: 1. “War and Battle Directory.” History Curriculum Homeschool. Heritage –History, n.d. Web. 23 Apr.2013

2. “Mocetezuma II.” Mocetezuma II. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2013

8) What is the middle passage? The middle passage linked Europe, Africa, and America. A voyage across the Atlantic.

Sources: 1. Give Me Liberty Seagulls Third Edition Pg. 135

4) How did Opechancanough change Virginia and U.S. history? His rebellions and surprise attacks changed Virginia.

Sources: 1. Give Me Liberty Seagulls Third Edition Pg.60-61

5) What and when was the Restoration and how did it impact the British empire and the colonies?

6) Who were Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson and how did they change U.S. history? Roger Williams is the founder of Rhode Island. Anne Hutchinson believed in woman rights and fought for them. She is the first American feminist. She lived under the Puritan rule.

Citations: 1. “Anne Hutchinson (American Religious Leader).” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web.23 Apr.2013.

                 2. “Roger Williams.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web.23 Apr.2013

7) What and when was the Glorious Revolution and how did it affect the U.S. and American Politics? The Glorious Revolution was in 1688, and it “established parliamentary supremacy once and for all and secured the Protestant succession to the throne.

Citations: Foner, Eric. “3 Creating Anglo-America.” Give Me Liberty . 3^rd.Ed New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012.105.Print.

3)      What is the Columbia Exchange? The transatlantic flow of goods and people. People learned new cultures, foods, and languages.

Sources: Give Me Liberty Seagulls Third Edition Pg.22

9) Who were the Tories and how did they affect the development of American politics in the 1700s? They were found in 1834 to unite factions opposed to President Andrew Jackson. They favored federal responsibility. Tories were the opposite of the Whigs and were for the king.

Citations: “Whig and Tory (historical British Political Party).” Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 23. Apr.2013.

10) Who was John Peter Zenger and how is he significant to civil rights? His famous trial for freedom of press took place in 1735. He was tried for seditious libel. He was found not guilty.

Citations: Foner, Eric. “Chapter 4 Slavery, Freedom, and The Struggle For Empire.” Give Me Liberty, 3^rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012. 156-57. Print

11) What is the Riot Act?

12) What happened at the Lexington and Concord and when did it happen? The first battle of the revolutionary war, on April19, 1775. “Approximately 100 minutemen and 250 British soldiers were killed.

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. “Glossary.” Give Me Liberty. 3^rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012. A:69 Print.

13)Who was Lord Cornwallis? He was the British commander in the south. He encamped at Yorktown on a peninsula. “October 19, 1781, Cornwallis surrendered his army of 8,000 men.”

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. “Chapter 5 The American Revolution.” Give Me Liberty. 3^rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 201.209.Print.

14) What is the Bill of Rights and why is it so significant? The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. It guarantees individual rights against infringement by the federal government.

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. “Glossary.” Give Me Liberty. 3^rd Ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012. A:58.Print.

15) Who is Daniel Shays and how did he change American History? He started a rebellion in 1787 for debt relief through issuance of paper currency and lower taxes. He was from Massachusetts.

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. “Glossary.” Give Me Liberty. 3^rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &,2012. A:78.Print.

16) Who were Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr and how did their relationship affect American History? Aaron Burr was from New York and represented the republicans with Thomas Jefferson as his running mate. Alexander Hamilton was “a youthful leader of the nationalists of the 1780s.” He was born on in the West Indies in 1755. Their animosity towards one another caused a duel between the which resulted in Hamilton’s death.

Citations: 1. Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr Dueled to the Death.” Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr Dueled to the Death. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2013

                 2. Foner, Eric Give Me Liberty. 3^rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012.Print.

17) Who was Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and what role did he play in American politics? He was a South Carolina delegate. He explained “such bills generally begin with declaring that all men are by nature born free,” a declaration that would come “with a very bad grace, when a large part of our property consists in men who are actually born slaves.”

18) Who was John Marshall and how did he repeatedly affect U.S. history? He became a chief justice later in life. John Marshall’s supreme court had much power.

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty. 3^rd Ed. New York: W. W. Norton &, 2012.Print.

19) A. Stamp Act – This took place in 1765. “Parliament required that revenue stamps be affixed to all colonial printed matter, documents, and playing cards. The act was repealed the following year.

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. “Glossary.” Give Me Liberty. 3^rd Ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012. A:79.Print.

B. Intolerable Acts – These acts united the colonies  in opposition to what was widely seen as a direct threat to their political freedom. These laws were passed by the British Parliament.

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. “Chapter 5 The American Revolution.” Give Me Liberty. 3^rd Ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012.N.pag.Print.

C. Northwest Ordinance – This took place in 1787. The ordinance created the Northwest Territory. North of the Ohio River and West of Pennsylvania prohibited slavery.

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. “Glossary.” Give Me Liberty. 3^rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012.  A:73. Print

D. Sedition Act – This took place in 1918, and 1798.

“In 191, the Sedition Act made it a crime to make spoken or printed statements that intended to cast “contempt, scorn, or disrepute.” (Pg. 732)

Citations: 1. Foner, Eric. “Chapter 19 Safe For Democracy.” Give Me Liberty. 3^rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012.N.pag.Print

E. Marbury vs. Madison- first U.S. Supreme Court decision to declare a federal law – the Judiciary Act of 1801 –unconstitutional. This included William Marbury and Madison.

Source : Give ME Liberty Textbook Seagulls 3^rd Edition

F. Missouri Compromise – deal proposed by Kentucky Senator Henry Clay in 1820 to resolve the slave/free imbalance in Congress that would result from Missouri’s admission as a slave state. Slavery was prohibited in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory North of the Southern border of Missouri.

G. Compromise of 1850 – Complex compromise devised by Senator Henry Clay that admitted California as a Free State.

H. Dred Scott v. Sandford – U.S. Supreme Court decision in which Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories.

Source: Give Me Liberty Seagulls 3^rd edition Glossary A:62

I.                    13^th Amendment – this amendment was passed in 1865 I believe. It abolished slavery and any involuntary servitude.

Source: Give Me Liberty A:51

J. Compromise of 1877 – This resolved the disputed election of 1876. This marked the end of reconstruction also.

Source: A:60

20) Who was John C. Calhoun and how did he repeatedly affect American history between 1800 and 1850? He was the most prominent political philosopher in the pre-Civil War south. He was from SC and also was pro-slavery.

21) Who was Eli Whitney and how did he change both U.S. and economic history? He was from Georgia, and a Yale graduate. He invented the cotton gin, which separated the seed from cotton. This caused the United States to produce 5 million pounds of cotton.

22) Who were Gabriel Prosser and Nat Turner and what role did they play in the history of slavery? Nat Turner was the best known of all slave rebels. From South Hampton County, Virginia. He also started a slave rebellion. Gabriel Prosser was an artisan from Richmond, Virginia. He also led a famous slave revolt.

Source: ushistory.org/us/20f.asp

23) Who was Dorothea Dix and what significant role did she play in U.S. politics and women history? Dorothea Dix was a Massachusetts school teacher. She wanted more humane treatment of the insane, and was the cause of many mental hospitals made in 28 different states.

24) What was the Trail of Tears? Cherokees own term for their forced removal. This took place in 1838-1839 from the Southeast to Indian lands. Plenty were forced to march, and a lot died on the way.

25) Who were Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison? Frederick Douglass was an influential African American from the 19^th century. He wrote, “He who has endured the cruel pangs of slavery is the man to advocate liberty.” William Lloyd Garrison was an abolitionist. He also had a pamphlet named “Thoughts On African Colonization.”

26) Who was John Brown and what role did he play in starting the Civil War? John Brown was an abolitionist who was very religious. He was involved in many anti-slavery activities. For two years he promoted a war against slavery by enlisting followers.

27) What and when were Gettysburg and Vicksburg, and what was their significance to the Civil War? It was in southern Pennsylvania, July 1-3, 1863; The confederates lost at Vicksburg, and this was the turning point of the war.

Source: Give Me Liberty Seagulls Third Edition Glossary A:65

28) Who were John Wilkes Booth, Samuel Mudd, and Mary Surratt and how are they connected to the Lincoln assassination? John Wilkes Booth was the man who supposedly fired the shot that killed Lincoln. Samuel Mudd was connected as a doctor. His patient, John Wilkes Booth was Lincoln’s killer. He lied in the commission and did not reveal his knowledge of the incident. He also did not like Lincoln and his anti-slavery beliefs. Mary Surratt admitted to plotting to kidnap the president. Her son was Booth’s right hand-man.

Sources: 1. Law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Lincolnconspiracy/mudd.html

29) What was the Freed Man’s Bureau? The reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and land-owning.

Source: A:65 Give Me Liberty Seagulls Third Edition

30) Who were Andrew Johnson and Edwin M. Stanton and how did their rivalry affect Reconstruction and American history? Andrew Johnson was a politician from Tennessee. Edwin M. Stanton was a secretary of war. He was from Ohio and was anti-slavery. Stanton used his power to foster stricter Reconstruction than the President wanted. He also worked with Johnson’s enemies.

Source: Britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/563295/Edwin-M-Stanton

   

Ray Puglia Cited Sources English 112

                                                                                

Jabari Stafford

Professor Brandon

English 112

04/18/13

Ray Puglia Cited Sources

11)      "Yahoo! Mail: The Best Web-based Email!" Yahoo! Mail: The Best Web-based Email! N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2013.

2

22)      "2nd Battalion, 4th Marine Regiment." 1st Marine Division Units 5TH MARINE REGT 2nd Battalion 4th Marines. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2013.